Peters



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A. WYLBY.

BRBEGH LOADING FIREARM.

No. 84,459. Patented Nov. 24, 1.868.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

A. WYLEY. BREECH LOADING FIRBARM.

Patented Nov. 24, 1868 du f// n .t tt nitedltstm @wat @ttm www Weges W- ANDREW WYLEY, OF BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND.

Letters Patent No. 84 459, dated Nomembcr 24, 1868; patented tu England, March 25, 1867 IMPROVEMENT IN BREECH-LOADING- FIRE-ARMS.

To all 'whom 'it muy coiucrn:

Be it known that l, Ax nnnw W rnnv, ot Birmingham, England, han invented certain new and useful Improvements in reech-Imading Fire-Arms; and I do hereby declare that-the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the annexed drawing, making a part of this specitication.

My invention consists in the construction and employment, for closing the breech in lire-arms, of a compound bolt, consisting-oi' a more or less cylindrical plug or plunger, having a reciprocating motion in the line ofthe barrel, and a bolt, of T-shape, transverse to the same, by which it is locked to the breechcase or rearward continuation ofthe barrel.

The T-bolt, in the unlocked state, serves as 'a handle for working the plunger, which, by a tbrward motion, pushes the cartridge into the barrel.'

By the reverse motion, the'iarm is cocked. and the cartridge extracted by means of a suitable extractor, attached to or forming part of the plunger, except when the cartridge. is of such a nature as to bc partially consumed and blown brward.

Figure l is a longitudii'ial vertical section of the above compound bolt, as applied to a tire-arm, using la long central tire-cartridge, and

Figure 4, al1 elevation of same, when unlocked and drawn back,A

Figure 7 is a pcrspcctiic View of such lire-arm.

Figure 5 is a cross-section behind the transverse or T-bolt.

Figure (i is the same, but with the T-bolt modified.

Figure l() shows a form ot' striking-pin used wit-h the last.

Figures 2 and 3 are. perspective views oft-hc plungerhead and ofthe extractor.

Figure l is a side elevation of a compound bolt, adapted to a angc-iire cartridge.

Figure 8 is a sectional elevation of a tire-arm, moditied from the above, in which the hammer and mainspring are replaced by a spiral spring and striker-disk O, while the fore end of the bolt is formed to suit a partially-combustible cartridge.

Figure J is a cross-section behind the head of O.

Figure ll is a perspective view ot' the extractor shown in Figure 12, which is a partial section of a lire-arm differing from the preceding mainly in that the spiral spring is compressed by the backward instead of thc 'forward action ofthe bolt.

Figures Maud 15 represent, in sectional elevation, the compound bolt, as applied to a l)ria-ch-lozulcr, which may he made to act also as a repeater;

Figure 13 being a cross-section ofthe same.

Figure 16 Ais a sectional elevation otA a form oiirearp; in which the Ahammer is placed in advance of the T- olt.

Figure 17 gives a front view of a tool for forming the recess for the lip ofthe extractor, lig. 3.

Figure 1S is a longitudinal section of a pistol, with the above compound bolt, and

Figure 19, a horizontal section on the line 1-2 of the same.

A represents the fore part of the plunger, a being used to specialize the rib on its upper part, which lls up the. usual cartridge-slot in the breech-case.

A denotes that part of the plunger behind the transverse or T-bolt.

c', the rib on same, which fills up the continuation ofthe cartridge-slot.

The plunger A A' is made to carry the transverse bolt T, 1, 4, and 5, capable of sliding vertically in a mortise in the plunger, which also carries a pin or striker, C, here centrally disposed, but inclined, in the case of a rim-fire cartridge, as shown in lig. 1".

A hammer, actuated by a main-spring, and released by a trigger-sere, strikes the end of C, through a slot in the bottom of the rear part of the breech-case B.

Both hammer and trigger-sore are mounted in a slot in the lump K', on the trigger-plate K, being carried on plain taper pins, driven through the cheeks of K', and kept in place by a thin disk, k, impinging on their heads, tig. 4, which disk is fixed by a central screw, serving as a stop-pin for the hammer, when the trigger-plate is not in place.

The main-spring, one end of which may act as a sere-spring, or they may be separate springs, is fixed in a recess or dovetail in K, and secured by a pin driven through a loop on the guard F, which loop passes through both the'main-spring and K.

The fore part ofthe guard is also iixed by a. pin passing through a stud on the former.

The tri gger-slot is continued to the stud-hole, through which the enlarged head of the trigger-sere may be passed, in order to get it'into place.

This is donc after the main-spring has been partially fixed in its recess.

A pin, V, screwed to the hand-part of K, serves ns a button for the sling, which may be transferred to another button, V', and so drawn tight up to the stock. v

The hammer strikes the pin C, and so explodes the cartridge. 'Ihe recoil is taken by the plunger, which is locked by the bolt T, the stem of which passes through a hole in the lower part of the breech-case, here somewhat strengthened,- while the cross-head restsJ in grooves on the upper part of same.

The stem of the T is slit, so as to pass over a reduced part ofC,.and thus retains it in place; and a small stop-piece, yn, is fixed in the slit, so as to limit the upward motion of T by coming in contact with the pin C. The small projections n, tig. (i, and n2, iig. l2, serve the same end.

lhe lower part of the stem is rounded, so as to slide in the bottom ofthe breech-case, whcu T is raised and drawn back.

The latter brings with it the bolt A, drawing the spent cartridge by means of the extractor E, which has a considerable amount of traverse vou a reduced part of the holt A.

1f E is tormcd, as in 5, the rib a is undercut by an annular cutter, so as to make way for the ring on the end of Ll; or the rib d may be left entire, and a corresponding space eut out of the ring, .is slown in iig. 1.

A disk-headed plug, G, iig. 2, screwed into the head of A, serves as a stop and guide for the extractor, and also for the forward motion of the pin C, a reduced part of which strikes'through its axis, iig, 1, or through the disk-margin, as in tig. 1.

The lip of the extractor c is of conico-illipsoidal form, titting into a corresponding recess in the rear of the cartridge-chamber, which does not impede the ramming of the cartridge. This recess may be conveniently formed by the tool, shown in tig. 1T, consisting of a round plug, J, fitting into the breech-ease B, and carrying on one side a long rod, with a conical cutter, y, on its fore end.

The recess is produced by rocking the plug J, after the revolving cutter y has entered a certain way, by means of a lever, standing` out from thc plug.

Vheu A is drawn back, it brings the hammer to full cock, and rides over the face ofthe same.

A groove, y, in A, allows it to pass over the projecting end of the pin P, till it is stopped by the latter coming in mntact with G, and with the extractor E, which then bears against G, 4.

The fresh cartridge is dropped into the breech-case, through the slot, and pushed into the chamber by the forward motion of A. The T-bolt is then pushed down, as shown in iig. 1, and slightly held by the click-spring s2, iig. 5, or s, tig. 14.

A recess, 2', allows the striker C to advance so far as to explode the cartridge when the bolt is locked.

The bolt D, sliding in a dovetail in the tail-piece A,andsteadied by the springs, gives further security, as it may be pushed in by the thumb, so as to intel'- eept or block the face ofthe hannner when the latter is at full cock. It is drawn out befoie tiring.

The bolt T, though stronger when of rectangular' section, may be round, as T2, tig. 12. I t may be midivided if the hammer is mounted before it at T', iig. 1G.

Instead of the stem of the bolt T sliding iu a mortise in A, it lnay have a somewhat wider slot, and each leg be made to slide in grooves in opposite sides of A, as shown in 6. The small projections nI act. as stops, to limit the motions upwards.

The legs of T* being elastic, can be sprung into place. With this construction of T* the piu C2, tig. 10, is used with its rear end somewhat enlarged. It is introduced through a hole in A', which is afterwards plugged up.

Figs. 18 and 19 show the compound bolt as applied to a pistol or small hand-rifle.

The trigger-plate K2 has a lump at its fore end, which is screwed to the breech-case B. A small gap is cut out of this lump to admit `the fork j, which passes ou each side of tlic hammer, and acts as a link Vto connect the trigger and the spring-detent si, the action of which will be obvious.

The striker C being inclined, is put in from the rear end. The cartridge is extracted as in the form shown in fig. .1(5, about to be described, but the tilting-tooth is hert4 on the trigger lz. This and part of j' work lieely in the slit ot' the T-bolt. The small stops n2 a'ie screwed or `)therwise tixed to T, after the last is in its place in the plunger.

A small sliding satt-ty-stud, d, is used to block the head of the detent $7. It is pushed forward by the thumb before tiring.

l2 is a pin, screwed into BI, the end of which enters a groove in the side of the plunger A', and serves as a stop for tlnI same when drawn back.

The above tire-arm may be moditicd to act as a rcpartcr. To this end, a number of cartridges are introduced into a tube, Q, in any known way, and fed up, by the usual spiral spring, towards thc carrier U by which each is brought up, in succession, opposite the barrel. The breech-case Bf is extended downwards, and has a parallel slot or mortise, of a width to admit the body o1' the cartridge, an'd not thcliange. Opposite Q this slot is borcd out, so as to allow the flange to pass gf, till it meets the upright grooves g1, one in each check of BZ, which should be of a width and depth just suiiicicnt to allow of the iinngc rising freely in them when the cartridge is lifted by the earl ricr U, which has tillets to slide in the said grooves.

The carrier consists of a hollow thimble, l."v free to move vertically in a (.'ylindrical enlargement of tbc above slot, y, which is continueddownwards in a lmnp on the trigger-guard, and of a bracket, lf', standing out from such thimble.

The carrier being in thc position shown in tig. li, receives a cartridge from Q. The bolt A is then unlocked, and dra-wn back in thc usual way, extracting the spent cartridge by means of the lixed hook E2. A is stopped by the spring-detent S, which supplies the place of the pirI P in 4. The carrier is atthe same time released, and is forced up by a spiral spring into the thimblc U, into the position shown in tig. l5, carrying withit the cartridge, which is caught between the bracket U and the bridge B", over the t'ore part of the slot.

The muzzle ofthe gun should be inclined upwards, in order that the spent cartridge, which is ejected by the ascent of the fresh one, may not catch on the bridge. A flap, u, on theI fore part 0f U, partially closes the cartridge-tube Q in the mean time. (See fig. 15) The tbrward motion of A pushes the cartridge intothe barrel, and U is so constructed that the fixed hook Ff' can underrun the cartridge-flange. Two light springs, s", are added, to support the rcar end of the cartridge, but yield tothe ibrward motion of A, which slightly dcpresses the carrier. The descent of the bolt T tbrces the carrier to its former position, where it is caught by the detent S', and receives a fresh cartridge. A sliding stop, r, is used, which, when pressed up, cuts off the supply of cartridges, and the arm may then be used as an ordinary breech-loader, similar in action to that already described, the cartridge being inserted by hand, between the carrier U and the bridge 13". The Y trigger-plate B is a continuation of B2. It will be evident that a repeating-pistol can also be made on this plan.

In tig. 11i, an arrangement is shown, (littering trom the iirst mainly in the disposal of the lock, which is placed before instead of behind the T-bolt. The last may, in this case, have a solid square or round stem, the ascent of which is guided and limited by aspringclick, s".

The lnunmer, pivoted in the stud N, strikes a short percussion-pin, C, of the ordin.-u'y character, through an opening in 13 and A. It is detained and released by a trigger-sere engaging with itsy head. 'lhc pin Ci is supported at thc back by a small bolt, l, transverse to A.

The cartridge is cxtmcted by thc spring-hook E3, and, when drawn clear otl thc barrel, may bc tilted out by a small tooth, t, on the hammer, travelling in the groove g, and catching the lower edge of the Harige. A sliding crutch, ll?, acted on by thisJ spring s, prevents thc hammer striking home when in its normal position, 16,) by interccpting the ends of the swivel-pin, which project beyond the tumbler-arm. l)2 is manipulated by au outside stud, which is pressed back by the left hand while firing.

'Figs 8 and 9 show an arrangement in which the hammer and main-spring are replaced by a spiral ,spri'n g and striker, O, sliding-on a reduced part of O1, 'and striking against a shoulderl on saine. The spring is compressed by a spring-datent, S, catching against a hook or toe on'the striker Owhen A is pushed inwards. The detent-head also serves, instead of P, iig. 1, as a stop for A, and Ait may be undercut, so as to admit of being locked by sliding forward the forked safety-bar D. It is joined to the trigger by the stirrup m, and both are fixe-d in their places before the barrel and breechcase. are put in the stock.

. The bolt A is here shown as formed with a conical thimble, I, of spring-tempered steel, fitting closely a recess in the end of the barrel, and with a central column, H, to protect the fore end of C, and' support the base of the cartridge, which should be of the nature of that used Withthe Qliassepot ride; The annular air-chamber tends toblow forward the remains of the cartridge. By reducing the pin C at its fore end, and giving it the full stroke, by bringing the shoulder further back, it may be made to fire the Prussian needlecartridge.

A further modiiication, adapted for short-iiange cartridges, is shown in iig. l2, differing from the last, in that the spiral spring is compressed by the backward motion of A against a fixed plug, R, whichfor'ms a sort of false breech, and is united by side screws to the end ofthe breechfcase, B. The disk-headed striker O is detained and released by the sere S3, catching on its toe, which runs in a groove in the breech-case.

The sere' may ne blocked by turning the pin D3 through a quarter circle, by means o f its outside thumbpiece.

The plunger is a short one, and the rib a covers the spiral spring,.and is free to slide back in the gap in the breech-case, as before. A square or round-stemmed T-bolt may be used.

'lhe extractor E, gs. ll and l2, is narrow, and formed of an upper and lower piece screwed together, so' as to form lateral vs, embracing corresponding ridges in the sides cfa slot in B, in which it slides for a short distance. Opposite parts of E are cut away,

so as to leave only a narrow strip, over which the slit4 in the stem of Tz may pass. A small tooth on the lower half of El rises above the upper part of same, and is caught by the fore part of the plunger A, and so extracts the caltridge when the plunger is drawn back to compress the Spring.

I do not claim alongitndinal plunger, or even`-a longitudinal plunger in combination with a transverse locking-bolt, both of which have been already used; but

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

' The combination of,l a longitudinal plunger with a locking-bolt of T-form, which, when raised, acts as a handle for manipulating the said plunger, While performingits various functions of ranlming and drawing the cartridge, (where the cartridge requires to be drawn,) and of cocking the lock, the whole constructed and operating substantially as herein set forth.

ANDREW WYLEY.

Witnesses:

SAMUEL BLAKEMORE AUPORT, ARCHLBALD FARQUHAB,

Both of B'i/rmjmghmn, England. 

